Mexico's Artillery
Mexico had a much larger number of troops, but when it came to uniforms, resources, and weapons, they were all lacking. Many of the Mexican troops' weapons were outdated, and not all troops had a set weapon to use.
One weapon they did use was the Model 1831e Whitney, a very highly inaccurate and unreliable weapon. (Fun Fact: This weapon would later be used by the Arkansas Militia during the Civil War)
Overall, Mexico lacked real firepower in the war, so despite their numbers, the technology did not hold up.
.69 caliber smoothbore musket
M1841 "Mississippi" rifle
United States Artillery
The United States Military had much more sophisticated weapons during the war. Two major weapons given to most troops would be the .69 caliber smoothbore musket and the M1841 "Mississippi" rifle. Both of these weapons are extremely reliable, at least compared to Mexico's weapons. Both of these weapons would also be utilized later during the Civil War.
The United States also had a huge advantage in defense with its cannons. Primarily, the 12-pounder howitzer, a super-fast firing and mobile cannon, gave the U.S. extreme firepower.
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