Effects on Civilians of Mexico
Men:
Unfortunately for the citizens of Mexico, this war would not exclude them. Primarily, the lower class of Mexico's Civilians were affected. If you were a lower-class male, you had a very high chance of being drafted, but not a formal draft. Mexico's military would often conscript lower-class men without their knowledge or consent. If you were unlucky enough to get drafted, then you were also given little to no training and some of the worst possible equipment available.
Women & Children:
Unfortunately for women and children, especially those prisoners of war, they had it very bad. In many of General Zachary Taylor's letters are notes and complaints about war atrocities committed by his men. One of the worst cases was on Christmas Day of 1846, when Taylor described how his men raped several Mexican women.
Future for United States
Overall, the Mexican-American War is still debated in U.S. politics over whether it was a senseless grab for land or if it really embraced manifest destiny and was a necessity for the United States' growth. But in the end, the United States definitely walked out with their pockets full, but a large debate over slavery in these new states built more tension towards the growing civil war.
As for Mexico, unfortunately, they would be forced to sign a horrible deal on their end, being the Mexican Cession of 1848. In this, they gave up California, Utah, Nevada, and parts of New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, and Wyoming, and to promise they won't leave their own territory of Mexico, all for only 15 million dollars.
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